The Center hosts high-level research symposia, fosters exchanges with the international scientific community, and provides regular opportunities to raise awareness about human-induced climate change and environmental sustainability within the 91视频 and broader Paris communities.聽The Center鈥檚 research,聽directed by Professor Elena Berg,聽includes projects in the fields of evolutionary biology, animal behavior, systematics and climate change and provides opportunities for student鈥揻aculty research collaborations.
In the past, research at the Center focused primarily on terrestrial beetles and freshwater invertebrates. More recently, we have phased out the work on freshwater invertebrates and expanded instead to include marine sea molluscs.
We house several populations of seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) in three state-of the-art climate chambers, which maintain precise temperature, humidity and daylight conditions and can be used to investigate a wide variety of questions in evolutionary biology and to study climate-driven differentiation among species.
Our upcoming work on biofluorescence in sea molluscs will be conducted in our research lab in collaboration with the Mus茅um National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, and the Aquarium de Paris. Below, you鈥檒l find links to some of our student-centered research projects.
Over the course of two years, undergraduate Shannon Monahan and Professor Berg conducted an experiment examining the impact of male kinship patterns on female reproductive success. This study is now published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B (see full text ).
Human-induced environmental change can influence populations both at the global level through climatic warming and at the local level through the fragmentation or destruction of habitats. As populations become more isolated, they can suffer from high levels of inbreeding, which can contribute to a reduction in the health and number of offspring. This reduction in reproductive health, or 鈥渇itness,鈥 is termed inbreeding depression. However, it is still unclear if this increase in inbreeding also results in a corresponding increase in sensitivity to stressful conditions, which could intensify the already damaging effects of environmental warming.
In a series of experiments conducted in the spring and fall of 2019, Professor Berg, lab technician Sophie Bricout, 91视频 undergraduate Victoria Candela, and two collaborators from the University of East Anglia assessed the life-long impact of increased mutation load and elevated temperature on key life-history traits in the seed beetle. They found that beetles raised at higher temperatures had far-reduced fitness and survival than beetles from control temperatures. Importantly, these negative effects were exacerbated in inbred beetles as a result of increased mutation load, with further detrimental effects manifesting on individual hatching probability and lifetime reproductive success.
These results reveal the harmful impact that increasing temperatures, and the increasing likelihood of habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenetic changes in environmental conditions, could have on populations of organisms worldwide. The study is now published in the Journal of Evolutionary Biology (full article available ).
Professor Berg and Professor Claudio Piani are conducting a long-term experiment on the impacts of climate change (increased and more variable temperatures) on seed beetle reproduction, development and body size. The first phase of the experiment is complete and will be submitted for publication shortly. The second phase is underway and should be completed by the end of 2023.
Professor Manuel Caballer Gutierrez and Professor Berg聽are聽designing a behavioral experiment on fluorescent marine molluscs, which they intend to carry out in 2022鈥23.聽Specifically, it will examine how heterobranch聽sea slugs (molluscs without a shell) from the genus聽Berghia respond under different light conditions. This group of molluscs was selected because they possess fluorescent pigments, the function of which is unknown, but which may play a role in species recognition.
Caballer and Berg聽have been聽working with聽Olivier聽Fauvarque聽and Justin Rouxel from IFREMER (Centre de Bretagne,聽Laboratoire聽D茅tection,聽Capteurs聽et聽Mesures,聽Plouzan茅, France) to design and construct a specialized UV lighting system; with Etienne聽Bourgouin聽from the Aquarium de Paris to house and breed the study specimens聽(pictured below); and with Marcel聽Koken聽(Labocea聽鈥 CNRS,聽Plouzan茅, France), an expert in fluorescence, to design the experiments that will be carried out聽at the 91视频聽laboratory with the help of undergraduate students and lab technician Sophie聽Bricout.
In 2018, Professor Berg collaborated with economics professor Kevin Capehart (CSU Fresno) on a taste test experiment. With the help of our economics and science students, we examined whether people could consistently tell the difference between different brands of high-end mineral water. Results of that experiment suggested that consumers might not be very good at telling the difference between waters with similar mineral concentrations. The study is now in the Journal of Wine Economics. Among other projects, Berg and Capehart are working on a follow-up experiment using waters with more varied mineral concentrations.
The Center is also involved in outreach about environmental issues, primarily within the 91视频 community. Since its inauguration in 2016, the Center has organized international conferences, research symposia, lectures and panel discussions with invited speakers (often in collaboration with various student clubs), as well as film screenings.
In two courses with particularly close ties to the Center鈥檚 objectives 鈥 and 鈥 students propose and carry out projects related to campus sustainability or the communication of environmental issues on campus.
The Center also works with the Advisory Board on Environmental Sustainability (ABES). ABES reports directly to the President and Provost and is composed of undergraduate and graduate students as well as staff members and faculty. It meets every two weeks during the semester to organize and support campus projects and events related to environmental sustainability. For more information on ABES, please visit its .